Transplantation of lungs.

What is emphysema? Emphysema is a chronic lung disease in which alveoli, or air sacs, may be:

For inflation air bags are the result of destruction of alveolar walls. This leads to a decrease in respiratory function and dyspnea. Damage to the air sacs is irreversible and leads to permanent "holes" in the tissues of the lower lungs. What are the signs of pulmonary emphysema? Below are the most common symptoms of emphysema. However, each person may experience symptoms differently. Signs of emphysema may resemble other conditions or medical problems easy. Consult your doctor for diagnosis. What causes emphysema? Emphysema develops not suddenly, but occurs very gradually. PPulmonary emphysema occurs when airflow obstruction is usually caused by the following:

exposure to air pollution (chemical gases, dust and other substances)

rare, inherited form of the disease called alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency-related emphysema, or early onset emphysema

As emphysema diagnosed? In addition to a complete medical record of the patient and physical examination, your doctor may suggest the following:

research in lung function. PThese tests arePdiagnostic, which help to measure the ability of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide respectively. The tests are usually performed with special machines into which a person must breathe, and may include the following:

spirometry. Spirometer is a device used by a doctor to assess lung function. Spirometry, assessment of respiratory function with spirometry, is one of the simplest, most common pulmonary function and may be necessary for any / all of the following reasons:

To determine how well the lungs receive, store and use the air

Queen of monitoring (PFM). The device used to measure the maximum speed at which a person can blow air from the lungs. In asthma or other respiratory flare, large airways in the lungs slowly begin to narrow. This will slow the speed of air leaving the lungs and can be measured by public financial management. This figure is very important in assessing how well or how poorly the disease under control. Blood tests. For the analysis of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood. X-ray of the chest. P

diagnostic test which uses invisible electromagnetic energy beams to obtain images of internal tissues, bones and organs on film. Sputum. Diagnostic tests performed on material from the lungs by coughing, and in the mouth. Sputum is often performed to determine if infection is present. Electrocardiogram (ECG). PThis is aPtest that lasix prescription records the electrical activity of the heart, shows abnormal rhythm (arrhythmia or fibrillation), and detects heart muscle damage. What is the treatment of emphysema? Your age, overall health and medical history

Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures or treatment

The goal of treatment for people with pulmonary emphysema to live more comfortably with the disease by alleviating symptoms and preventing progression of the disease with minimal side effects. Treatment may include:

Quitting smoking, which thePsingle most important factor for maintaining healthy lungs. Antibiotics for bacterial infections. Bronchodilators - oral or inhaled - which mainstayPof treatment. Other classes of oral and inhaled medications. Vaccinations. Infection can worsen the symptoms of emphysema, as well as pneumococcal vaccination against influenza is recommended to prevent infection. Exercise, including breathing exercises to strengthen muscles used in breathing as part of pulmonary rehabilitation status of the other body parts. Oxygen supplements from portable containers. Nutritional support, as patients may experience nutrition and weight loss. Lung reduction surgery to remove damaged area of ​​lung. Transplantation of lungs. What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? COPD is a term that belongs to a large group of lung diseases that can interfere with normal breathing. Over 12 million Americans suffer from COPD, and another 12 million may have dysfunction of the lung, believing that it may be considerably underestimated. As many as 24 million people may be affected. The two most common diseases of COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Causes of COPD is not fully understood. It is recognized that the most important cause of chronic bronchitis and emphysema is cigarette smoking. Causes such as air pollution and occupational exposures may play a role, especially in combination with smoking. Heredity also plays a role in promoting emphysema in some patients, and is especially important in rare formPdue to alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency.

Patients with chronic bronchitis tend to cough and sputum production for many years before they develop shortness of breath. Patients with emphysema usually shortness of breath and develop cough and sputum during a respiratory infection or at later stages of the disease. .

The remaining 6 percent of osteonecrosis ...

Medical researchers havent investigated the extent to which taking bisphosphonates causes of osteonecrosis of the jaw, but they agree this is probably negligible. In fact, 94 percent of those with osteonecrosis of the jaw cancer and also receive or have received regular high doses of bisphosphonates intravenously. The remaining 6 percent, necrosis of the jaw took oral bisphosphonates. Patients who take bisphosphonates to treat osteoporosis are encouraged to talk to lasix 50 mg your dentist, so their doctor can show them good oral hygiene and care of their oral health, says Matthew Messina, a dentist Ohio, which the American Dental Association Consumer Advisor. Patients should not stop taking their osteoporosis medications without speaking with their doctors. In fact, according to the American Dental Association, osteoporosis medications have far more advantages than the tiny risks associated with the development of necrosis of the jaw. The purpose of bisphosphonates is to build bone mass to prevent fractures in those who suffer from osteoporosis, which causes 2 million fractures a year, according to the National Endowment for osteoporosis. It is assumed that 50 percent of women and 20 percent of men over age 50 will suffer osteoporosis caused destruction. The most common drugs are bisphosphonates alendronate (fosamaks) ibandronat (Boniva), risedonate (Actone) and zoledronovoyi acid (Reclast). .

We have very little evidence to support ...

United States Food and Drug Administration advisers recommended Friday that osteoporosis drugs like Fosamax, Actonel, Boniva and Reclast come with the revised label, specifying how long the patient should take medicine before the potential health risks set inches of drugs known as bisphosphonates, which are taken to prevent fractures related to osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. But researchers have linked long-term use with little risk of unusual fractures of the femur, jaw death (necrosis of the jaw) and possibly cancer of the esophagus. For 6.17

voting advisors recommended drug labels - or loose - need to specify which details the best time to use each drug. But advisers do not offer specific changes in wording, label wording varies depending on the drug, reports Associated Press. The revised labels should be "very clear that the efficiency may drop after a period of time, maybe five years," commissioner Dr. Lewis Nelson, director of medical toxicology fellowship program, said after the vote

reported. "Serious problems have been raised about the risk and they must constantly evaluate how well."

FDA is not required to follow the recommendations of its advisory committees, as it usually does so buy lasix generic. According to the FDA, in 2009 more than 5 million prescriptions were filled for bisphosphonates to prevent bone loss. Dr. Elizabeth Shane, a former president of the American society for bone and mineral research, which was supposed to testify before the committee, said the reports due to atypical fractures, bisphosphonates and jaw necrosis "rarely, if viewed in the context of how many People taking bisphosphonates to treat osteoporosis. "It was" less confident in esophagus cancer problem, "she added. Although these side effects should not be exaggerated, "given the number of very dangerous, life-threatening fractures that prevent these drugs, the benefits dwarf side effects," said Shane, and professor of medicine at Columbia University in New York. However, she said bisphosphonates can be set only for those high risk of fractures. "In the past, we could use them to people who are not in such a high risk of fractures in the hope that they help prevent fractures in the area," she said. "We have moved against people with high short-term risk, which means the next five to 10 years."

According to Shane, the absolute risk of developing osteonecrosis of the jaw is between 1 in 10,000 and 1 in 400,000 among people taking these drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis. But when high doses of bisphosphonates used to slow the spread of cancer of the bones, the risk increases, affecting between 1 and 15 percent of patients, she said. For atypical femur (hip) fractures, the absolute risk associated with bisphosphonates is from 1 to 5 fractures 10000 users bisphosphonates, she said. In hip fracture, bisphosphonates prevent the spine, wrist and forearm fractures, said Shane. FDA requests the Advisory Committee to consider the current data support the long-term use of bisphosphonates for the treatment or prevention of osteoporosis. In addition, experts were to consider the feasibility of the term should be made to use drugs, and if patients who require long-term therapy would benefit from a "drug holiday" that time of medication. "I'm really not in favor of placing restrictions on the use of bisphosphonates and dictate the use of drug holidays," said Shane. "We have very little evidence to support use of drug holidays or vacations are not drugs."

Dr. Nelson Watts, director of the University of Cincinnati Bone Health and Osteoporosis Center and co-author of the study in 2010 on long-term use of bisphosphonates, said length of treatment should be considered on an individual basis. His study showed patients with mild risk can stop drug treatment over five years until it took fractures and bone loss was seen. With high-risk patients can take medicine for 10 years and may then take a "vacation" from bisphosphonates one or two years. "Perhaps it would be useful if the FDA or an official organization can provide guidelines concerning the duration of treatment, details of drug holidays, etc., but probably not enough information in the literature recommendations based on science," said W to vote Friday. General bisphosphonates are taken as pills or injections. They include: Fosamax (alendronate sodium), produced by Merck Co, Inc, Actonel and Atelvia (ryzedronat sodium), produced by Warner Chilcott, Boniva (ibandronat sodium) from Roche Therapeutics, Inc, and Reclast (zoledronovoyi acid) from << Corporation >>.

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Doctors may recommend stopping smoking ...

What is the treatment of emphysema? No treatment can not cancel or stop emphysema, but may be made to reduce, treat complications and minimize disability. The first step in the treatment of smokers to quit to avoid further deterioration of breathing ability. Doctors may recommend smoking cessation program for them. Many patients also taught controlled coughing techniques to help remove excess mucus from the lungs, which could contribute to infection. This includes two short, sharp cough >> << to help expel mucus. Soft exercise can be ordered to improve breathing. Patients are often instructed to implement methods to strengthen the muscles involved in breathing and other breathing techniques. Frequently used medications include bronchodilators, which relax the bronchial muscles so the airways are expanding, and it is easier to breathe. Bronchodilators include albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin and other brands), salmeterol (Serevent) and ipratropium (Atrovent). These drugs are taken by hand or machine-nebulizer inhalers managed to create a light mist that you can breathe. Theophylline (sold under several brand names) is a pill form of bronchodilators. Because it may interact with medications and cause side effects, it is used less often than the inhaler medications. Bronchodilators help open the bronchial tubes in the lungs and decrease shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing. Steroids called corticosteroids may help reduce inflammation in the lungs. During an acute outbreak of symptoms, they often presented in the form of tablets or injections. Inhaled corticosteroids or pills may be given to permanently control the inflammation of chronic bronchitis. However, these types of drugs not normally prescribed for prolonged use because of their side effects. Antibiotics are often prescribed for people with whom increased shortness of breath. Even when the chest x-rays do not show signs of pneumonia or infection, people are treated with antibiotics tend to have shorter episodes of wheezing. There is a suspicion that infection may play a role in acute attack emphysema, even before the infection worsens into bronchitis or pneumonia acute. Oxygen therapy has been proven to increase life expectancy in people suffering emphysema who have below normal levels of oxygen in the blood. Oxygen is usually carried out through a plastic tube (nasal cannula) worn under the nose. Oxygen or stored in metal cylinders, or cleared of air, electrical machinery (oxygen concentrator). The number of light, portable devices are now available that allow those who need oxygen to leave their homes for several hours at a time. Some people with emphysema need oxygen only at night. As the supply of oxygen at home is very expensive, most health insurance companies have strict requirements for qualifications for home oxygen. Proper nutrition includes increasing raw foods such as fruits and vegetables and high protein and reduce fried foods, alcohol, refined carbohydrates and processed foods. In addition, it makes sense to abandon the use of all mucous producing foods like dairy products and gluten-containing grains. If sound nutrition plays an important role in the prevention of emphysema, it is important once the disease was diagnosed. Malnutrition may increase risk of respiratory failure in patients with COPD. Reducing the volume of transactions were used more often and more to help improve lung function in patients with emphysema. In the procedure of the lungs are removed to reduce the overall volume and increase the effectiveness of the remaining structure of the lungs. Yield of reduction can improve lung function and quality of life in patients with severe emphysema are lasix to buy carefully selected based on known factors. Transplantation of light was the best choice for patients with severe emphysema. Transplantation may involve one or both lungs. Statistics show that survival after transplantation of lungs was reported by 77% after 2 years and 75% for 3 years. Lung transplantation is a risky and expensive and donor organs may not be available. When the disease progresses to acute respiratory failure, the patient may be hospitalized and advanced inhalation therapy may be needed. .

Try to stay away from air pollution in the workplace ...

What is emphysema? Emphysema is a serious disease that affects the lungs. Although symptoms can appear rapidly and quickly become severe the disease develops over a long period of time. When a person suffers from emphysema, the tiny air sacs (called alveoli) in lungs damaged and lose their ability to stretch, mainly because of the destruction of capillaries feeding the alveoli. This allows the air trapped in the lungs, making it difficult to exchange with new air. This makes it difficult to breathe, which can lead to a number of problems with the lungs and death. Smoking is the main cause of emphysema and is over 80% of all cases. Smoking is the main cause of emphysema and lasix drug heart is over 80% of all cases. Emphysema may be caused by irritants in the air such as air pollution, tobacco smoke, chemicals in the workplace, dust and exhaust from cars and trucks. The history of the person's health may also have influenced the development of disease. How do I know if I have emphysema? If you think that emphysema, make sure you tell your doctor. Symptoms often appear or not noticed at first, so that many people do not know what he later stages of disease. At this point, they often suffer from:

If you have any of these symptoms, be sure to consult a doctor immediately. Emphysema is a serious disease that can be fatal. However, identifying the disease early, the doctor can help make the condition more manageable. Since the most common cause of emphysema is smoking, the most important thing you can do is quit. Continuing to smoke may increase the severity of the disease. There are many products and programs that help you do it. Call Breathe California of local resources for people to quit. There are many treatments that can slow disease progression. Your doctor may prescribe medications to open airways and reduce inflammation. In addition, many doctors offer special programs of exercise and breathing classes that can help relieve symptoms of emphysema. These procedures are best suited for those who have been diagnosed, but not at later stages of the disease. There are several options for people who are in late stage emphysema. Lung transplant or light reduction of operations may be appropriate for some patients. The last procedure in which patients are most of the lung are removed to healthy areas of the lungs work better. How can I prevent emphysema? The easiest way to prevent emphysema is to quit smoking or to refrain from starting in the first place. You should also avoid secondhand smoke as much as possible. Try to stay away from air pollution, workplace chemicals, dust and exhaust gases as well. Stay in the afternoon when the air pollution level is very high. The easiest way to prevent emphysema is to quit. Exercise is a healthy diet can also help prevent the development of emphysema.

If you have any problems with your lungs or feel the symptoms of emphysema, seek immediate medical attention. Earlier diagnosis, the easier it is to manage the disease. .

Although most of them are people who ...

Lung disease is a common problem for older persons, as well as common reason to see a doctor.

, What will be well qualified to discuss this issue in more detail to include it or him. Emphysema is a chronic lung disease in lasix to pass drug test which lung tissue begins to break down and develop large, expanding areas where normal breathing bags already. This can lead to progressive loss of ability to exercise and breathing difficulty and may involve the need oxygen therapy and pulmonary infections. Virtually all cases of emphysema caused by exposure to tobacco smoke. Although most of them are people who smoke themselves, there are many documented cases of emphysema on the other hand tobacco smoke, so it's also likely the reason, if your father. Another cause of emphysema, alpha-1 antitrypsin is an inherited disease that causes liver disease and emphysema at a much earlier age than smoking-related emphysema. As usual, diagnosis and management of the special status of your father will want to review his personal physician. It should be in constant contact with their family doctor and his pulmonologist. .

In an attempt to better understand the impact

Acne (acne very bad!) On the back, shoulders and chest >> << increase the likelihood of damage to tendons, ligaments and muscles

Jaundice, shivering, pain in joints

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Prolonged use of anabolic steroids appears to weaken, and it is not clear If this weakening is reversible, the researchers said. In a small but alarming new study, the average age

elevators that took steroids for about ten years showed evidence of violation of the pump function of the heart, not seen in weight lifters who did not take steroids. This finding suggests that anabolic steroids for many years weaker heart than was previously recognized, says cardiologist and study investigator Aaron L. Baggish, MD, of Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital. It also can have serious consequences for public health as well as the use of steroids to enhance athletic performance is no longer the exclusive domain of a small group of athletes. Steroids use is now common in combat sports such as boxing and mixed martial arts, in addition to Baggish says. Anabolic steroids are synthetic that mimic the natural male sex hormone testosterone, which builds muscle. Steroids among the general public were not really matter to the end of 1980 or even in the middle of the 1990s, Baggish said WebMD. Even now, when we hear about steroids it as a professional baseball player or cyclist took them. But the vast majority of steroid that is happening among casual athletes who work 9 to 5 jobs. In an attempt to better understand the impact of long-term use of anabolic steroids on the heart, Baggish and colleagues conducted a test function of the heart for 12 weightlifters who took steroids and family who do not take drugs. The average age of study participants was 40, and took steroids drug an average of nine years. These two groups were similar regarding the length of weightlifting, general >> << level and weight, but steroids have more muscle mass than nepolzovateley. Doppler echocardiography was used to study blood flow in the heart. In most steroids, the main pumping chamber of the heart known as the left ventricle showed evidence of weakness during compression. Healthy left ventricle pumps 55% to 70% of blood that fills the heart. This dimension is called the ejection fraction. Ten of the 12 steroids were ejection fraction less than 55%, which was associated with an increased risk

and sudden cardiac arrest. Only one of the seven heavyweights with no experience of steroid use was low ejection fraction. Steroids also showed evidence of diastolic impairment, which is the ability of the left ventricle to relax and fill with blood after contraction. Left ventricular relaxation was cut nearly in half among steroids compared with nepolzovateley. The results were published in the latest (4/2010) Pissue American Heart Association journal addresses: P heart failure. It was originally conceived as an experimental study, but the results were so impressive, the researchers decided it had to be published. Athletes who use anabolic steroids can seriously damage the kidneys, according to new findings presented at the American Society Nephrologys renal conference week (3/2010). Athletes who use anabolic steroids, and doctors take care of them should be aware of potentially serious threat to the kidneys, said lead researcher Leal Herlitz, MD, assistant professor of pathology at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. Reports of professional athletes who abuse anabolic steroids are more common. P Most people know that using steroids is not good for their health, but until now their effect on the lasix purchase kidney was not known. Dr. Herlitz and her colleagues recently conducted the first study to describe kidney damage after long-term abuse of anabolic steroids. They studied a group of 10 bodybuilders (six white and four people from Latin America), who used steroids for years and experienced proteinuria and severe reduction in kidney function. Men were seen between 1999 and 2009 and was very muscular physique. All were long-term anabolic androgenic steroid addicts were proteinuria 1g/day or more, and the diagnosis of renal biopsy focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSHS). The average BMI was 34. 7 kg / m

(range: 27-43). Since men are presented with proteinuria (an average of 10 1 g / day, from March 1 - 26 3 g / day ...) and renal insufficiency (mean serum creatinine 3 0 mg / l, range: 1 3 - 7 8 ... mg / dl). P Five people submitted complete renal syndrome. It is well known that FSHS usually occurs when the kidneys are overloaded. Kidney was observed in this group of bodybuilders was the similarity that was observed in obese patients, but was even more serious. P renal biopsy showed FSHS in nine patients, four of nine patients also glomerulomegaly. One patient was glomerulomegaly alone. Three biopsy showed FSHS defeated and destroyed four perihilar lesions. Seven of the 10 men were tubular atrophy 40% or more, and interstitial fibrosis. It is important to recognize that all people in this series have been long-term addicts, from eight to 20 years of use, explains Dr. Herlitz, who presented the results of the 2009 Renal Week conference here. Thus, it is unlikely that anyone who uses a few months will be significantly affected. I really have no reason to assess the prevalence of this problem and Im hoping that this study will draw attention to the problem so that people will know about the essence and we can begin to better understand who is affected and why. The following data were available for eight of 10 patients. The average observation period was 2. 2 years old. One patient rapidly progressed to end-stage renal failure (CRF) and seven patients receiving renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade. One of these seven also received therapy with corticosteroids. All seven patients treated with RAS blockade discontinued anabolic androgenic steroids and exercise schemes have reduced. They also lost weight and had stabilization or improvement in serum creatinine and proteinuria reduction. Although bodybuilders to stop using steroids experienced improvement of their renal anomalies, a man with progressive kidney disease progressed to the kb and required dialysis. One subject started taking steroids again and suffered a relapse, the development of progressive proteinuria and renal insufficiency. Compared with historical controls that related to obesity hlomerulopatyya, FSHS these bodybuilders was more severe disease with high creatinine and proteinuria levels of representation. These patients also tended to more glomerular and tubulointerstitsialnyy scarring. The researchers suggested that the extreme increase in muscle mass requires a kidney to increase the filtration rate, placing a dangerous level of stress on the kidneys. As in patients with obesity, increased load on the kidneys with increased body mass leads to hyperfiltration injury, Dr. Herlitz explain. It is likely also that steroids have direct toxic effects on the kidneys. Numerous animal models have shown adverse effects of androgens on the kidney and we believe that anabolic steroids themselves can be directly nephrotoxic, she said. .